剑桥雅思6Test4阅读Passage2原文翻译Do literate women make better mothers，今天就来为大家分析这个问题。
Do literate women make better mothers
剑桥雅思6 Test 4 Passage 2阅读原文翻译
第1自然段
Children in developing countries are healthier and more likely to survive past the age of five when their mothers can read and write.Experts in public health accepted this idea decades ago,but until now no one has been able to show that a woman’s ability to read in itself improves her children’s chances of survival.
当其母亲能够阅读和写作时，发展中国家的儿童会更加健康，有更大可能活过5岁。几十年前，公共卫生领域的专家就已经接受这个想法。但是直到现在，还没有人能够证明一名女性的阅读能力可以提高孩子的生存机会。
第2自然段
Most literate women learnt to read in primary school,and the fact that a woman has had an education may simply indicate her family’s wealth or that it values its children more highly.Now a long-term study carried out in Nicaragua has eliminated these factors by showing that teaching reading to poor adult women,who would otherwise have remained illiterate,has a direct effect on their children’s health and survival.
大多数有识字能力的妇女在小学阶段就学会了阅读，而妇女受过教文章来自 雅思育的事实可能只是表明她的家庭比较富裕，或者表明它更加重视子女。现在，在尼加拉瓜开展的一项长期研究排除了这些因素。它表明教授贫穷的成年女性阅读（否则的话她们会仍然处于文盲状态）对其孩子的健康和成活率有直接影响。
第3自然段
In 1979,the government of Nicaragua established a number of social programmes,including a National Literacy Crusade.By 1985,about 300,000 illiterate adults from all over the country,many of whom had never attended primary school,had learnt how to read,write and use numbers.
1979年，尼加拉瓜政府开启了许多社会计划，其中就有“全国扫盲运动”。到1985年，约30万来自全国各地的文盲成年人（其中许多人从未上过小学）已经学会了如何阅读，书写和使用数字。
第4自然段
During this period,researchers from the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine,the Central American Institute of Health in Nicaragua,the National Autonomous University of Nicaragua and the Costa Rican Institute of Health interviewed nearly 3,000 women,some of whom had learnt to read as children,some during the literacy crusade and some who had never learnt at all.The women were asked how many children they had given birth to and how many of them had died in infancy.The research teams also examined the surviving children to find out how well-nourished they were.
在此期间，利物浦热带医学院，尼加拉瓜中美洲卫生研究院，尼加拉瓜国立自治大学和哥斯达黎加卫生研究院的研究人员采访了近3,000名妇女。其中一些人在还是孩子的时候就学会了阅读，有些在扫盲运动中学会了阅读，而有些根本没学过。这些妇女被问到他们生育了多少个孩子，以及其中有多少个在婴儿阶段就已经死亡。研究小组还检查了幸存的孩子，以了解他们的营养状况
第5自然段
The investigators’findings were striking.In the late 1970s,the infant mortality rate for the children of illiterate mothers was around 110 deaths per thousand live births.At this point in their lives,those mothers who later went on to learn to read had a similar level of child mortality(105/1000).For women educated in primary school,however,the infant mortality rate was significantly lower,at 80 per thousand.
研究人员的发现令人震惊。20世纪70年代后期，文盲母亲的孩子在婴儿阶段的死亡率约为千分之110。在这一时间点上，后来学习阅读的母亲拥有相似的儿童死亡率（105/1000）。但是，对于在小学阶段受过教育的妇女来说，婴儿死亡率要低得多，为每千人80。
第6自然段
In 1985,after the National Literacy Crusade had ended,the infant mortality figures for those who remained illiterate and for those educated in primary school remained more or less unchanged.For those women who learnt to read through the campaign,the infant mortality rate was 84 per thousand,an impressive 21 points lower than for those women who were still illiterate.The children of the newly-literate mothers were also better nourished than those of women who could not read.
1985年，全国扫盲运动结束后，文盲女性和在小学阶段接受过教育的女性的婴儿死亡率基本保持不变。对于那些在运动中学会阅读的妇女而言，婴儿死亡率为每千人84例，比那些仍然不识字的妇女低21个点。与那些不识字的妇女相比，新识字的母亲的孩子也得到更好的营养。
第7自然段
Why are the children of literate mothers better off?According to Peter Sandiford of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine,no one knows for certain.Child health was not on the curriculum during the women’s lessons,so he and his colleagues are looking at other factors.They are working with the same group of 3,000 women,to try to find out whether reading mothers make better use of hospitals and clinics,opt for smaller families,exert more control at home,learn modern childcare techniques more quickly,or whether they merely have more respect for themselves and their children.
为什么识字母亲的孩子会过得更好？利物浦热带医学院的彼得·桑迪福德说，没人知道确切的原因。儿童健康并未列入妇女课程的课程表，因此他和他的同事正在研究其他因素。他们继续跟踪同一组的3000名妇女，试图找出读书母亲是否更好地利用医院和诊所，选择较小的家庭，在家中拥有更大的发言权，更快地学习现代育儿技术，或者是否仅仅是更尊重自己和孩子。
第8自然段
The Nicaraguan study may have important implications for governments and aid agencies that need to know where to direct their resources.Sandiford says that there is increasing evidence that female education,at any age,is‘an important health intervention in its own right’.The results of the study lend support to the World Bank’s recommendation that education budgets in developing countries should be increased,not just to help their economies,but also to improve child health.
尼加拉瓜的研究可能对那些需要知道应该将资源分配到何处的政府和援助机构产生重要影响。桑迪福德说，越来越多的证据表明，任何年龄的女性教育都是“一项重要的健康干预措施”。研究结果为世界银行关于增加发展中国家教育预算的建议提供了支持。这不仅是为了帮助其经济发展，而且是为了改善儿童健康。
第9自然段
‘We’ve known for a long time that maternal education is important,’says John Cleland of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.‘But we thought that even if we started educating girls today,we’d have to wait a generation for the pay-off.The Nicaraguan study suggests we may be able to bypass that.’
伦敦卫生与热带医学院的约翰·克莱兰德说：“很久以来，我们就知道产妇教育很重要。但是我们认为，即使我们现在开始对女孩进行教育，我们也必须等待一代人才能获得回报。尼加拉瓜的研究表明，我们也许可以绕开它。”
第10自然段
Cleland warns that the Nicaraguan crusade was special in many ways,and similar campaigns elsewhere might not work as well.It is notoriously difficult to teach adults skills that do not have an immediate impact on their everyday lives,and many literacy campaigns in other countries have been much less successful.‘The crusade was part of a larger effort to bring a better life to the people,’says Cleland.Replicating these conditions in other countries will be a major challenge for development workers.
克莱兰德警告说，尼加拉瓜的扫盲运动在许多方面都很特殊，在其他地方进行类似的活动可能行不通。众所周知，向成年人传授对他们的日常生活没有直接影响的技能非常困难。而在其他国家，许多扫盲运动并没有那么成功。克莱兰德说：“扫盲运动是为给人民带来更好生活的更大努力的一部分。”在其他国家复制这些条件将是发展工作者面临的主要挑战。
